Original article onLive Science. The estimated Kp index is derived at the U.S. Air Force Space Forecast Center using data from ground-based magnetometers: Meanook, Canada; Sitka, Alaska; Glenlea, Canada; Saint Johns, Canada; Ottawa, Canada; Newport, Washington; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Boulder, Colorado; and Fresno, California. SpaceWeatherLive.com is a near live website where you can follow space weather from the Sun to Earth and know exactly when you can see aurora. This seasonal variation matches my personal experience as well while aurora hunting. For this reason, the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) located in Boulder, Colorado issues a variety of space weather forecasts and warnings daily to alert those concerned with these effects. http://sunearthday.gsfc.nasa.gov/swac/data.php, GREEN BARS show a Kp index less than 4 (indicates little magnetic change), YELLOW BARS show a Kp index equal to 4 (indicates moderate magnetic change), RED BARS when the Kp is greater than 4 (indicates a storm warning). When dawn broke Sunday in Death Valley, Calif., the low temperature was a sweltering 107.7 degrees, the highest ever recorded in North America. On this day, exactly 10 years ago, the largest ever recorded solar flare in history erupted from Sun's western limb. The Kp-index was introduced by a German . 2020-3-25. For a nice research paper demonstrating the effect of solar activity on GPS, read. These data are made available thanks to the cooperative efforts between SWPC and data providers around the world, which currently includes the U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the British Geological Survey, the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), and Geoscience Australia. If you had recorded flight data, it could be investigated to show the cause. The level of geomagnetic activity is indicated by the planetary K index or Kp. Visit theKp Index Explainedpage to learn how it relates to seeing the aurora. SpaceWeatherLive.com is a near live website where you can follow space weather from the Sun to Earth and know exactly when you can see aurora. At these levels, aurora may be seen directly overhead from the northern states of the USA. Of course there are other factors to consider as well such as climate and length of day/night. The geomagnetic Kp index is one of the most extensively used indices of geomagnetic activity, both for scientific and operational purposes. Follow us @livescience, Facebook& Google+. Highest Dew Point Measurements in the United States. But dont read too much into exact dates. Kevin Palmer Photography. There is an approximate relationship between Kp and theequatorwardextent of the auroral oval. Also indicated which G-scale a certain Kp-value represents, the approximate boundary of the auroral oval at local midnight for a specific Kp-value, a description of the auroral activity for a specific Kp-value and a rogue estimate on how often a certain Kp-value occurs during one solar cycle. Every three hours throughout the day, magnetic observatories around the world measure the largest magnetic change that their instruments recorded during this time. Important! * Kp values greater than 7 indicate a large disturbance. The highest dew point ever recorded, 95F (35C), was recorded at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, on July 8, 2003. . (Image credit: Vadim Petrakov/Shutterstock.com). This Kp-index works with 28 values instead of 10 values that the preliminary Kp-index works with. During the equinoxes, Earths axis is 0 relative to the ecliptic, and the suns magnetic field lines can better connect with Earths magnetic field. But since 2012 Ive seen the aurora every single year at the end of September or beginning of October, with a total of 10 sightings during that time period. The new results were published today (July 8) in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science. On July 9, 2021, California's Death Valley reached 130 degrees Fahrenheit, according to an automated measuring system there, representing one of the highest temperatures ever recorded on the planet.The world record, also recorded at Death Valley, was 134 degrees in July 1913. It is updated after every 3-hour period with the most recent reported Kp-value or during times of high auroral activity it is updated at the same time as the NOAA SWPC issues an alert that a certain threshold has been reached. UV levels peak in summer and are lowest in winter. Ratings of 8 or above are very rare, and many of the photos included here were taken at low Kp numbers. This is because Kp1, Kp2 and, to a lesser extent, Kp3 are by far the most common levels of geomagnetic activity. By Henry Fountain. The record was . After experiencing three of the biggest drops in history during the spring, it broke 30,000 on Nov. 24, and ended the year at a record high of 30,606.48. Sometimes changes in the suns activity can cause big changes in Kp. Kolkata has a Tropical wet-and-dry climate (Kppen climate classification Aw).The annual mean temperature is 26.8 C (80 F); monthly mean temperatures range from 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F). The maximum positive and negative deviations during the 3-hour period are added together to determine the total maximum fluctuation. You can directly link to the current image using this code: The vertical axis shows the Kp index from 0 to 9. The reason for this likely has to do with Earths tilt. The principal users affected by geomagnetic storms are the electrical power grid, spacecraft operations, users of radio signals that reflect off of or pass through the ionosphere, and observers of the aurora. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, The result is averaged together with those of the other observatories to produce an index that tells scientists how disturbed the Earth's magnetic field is on a 9-point scale. The horizontal axis shows 3 hour estimated data recorded in Universal Time (UT). Another factor is the time of day: most disturbances occur in the evening between the hours of 8pm and midnight. The previous high was $4.11 on July 17, 2008, according to AAA. National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Space Weather Prediction Center SWPC has used the K-index since the forecast center began operations. Kp-index and Kpa-index archive (1868 to present), Kp and Kpa planetary 3-hourly indices of geomagnetic activity, Data from GFZ Potsdam (Kp-index from 1932-present) Does anyone know the highest it has ever been It nevertheless provides a good idea of what to expect. One major factor is your latitude: ionospheric disturbances are worse at high and equatorial latitudes, and less noticeable at mid latitudes. As of right now, we are approaching the end of solar cycle 24, which started in December of 2008. The high temperature causes hydrogen atoms to split into protons and electrons. So for Kp = 1, the aurora would move down to 64 degrees, for Kp=2, it would move to 62 degrees, etc until reaching Kp of 9 at 48 degrees magnetic latitude. The highest heat index ever recorded in the world was 178 * in Saudi Arabia on July 8, 2003. Licancabur volcano's summit lake was probed for its similarities to Gusev Crater on Mars, the landing site for NASA's Mars rover Spirit in 2004. The highest temperature ever recorded in Europe was 48.8C (119.8F) on the Italian island of Sicily on August 11, 2021. A few continental and planetary records fell too: Africa had its warmest June and September ever. We often use this G-scale on the website so its wise to familiarize yourself with it. In conclusion the Kp index is not made for aurora nowcasting and much less forecasting. The UV index measures the amount of damaging ultraviolet solar radiation expected to reach the Earth's surface when the sun is highest in the sky, generally between the midday hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. During this time the northern lights would have been virtually non-existent unless you were directly underneath the auroral oval. The finalized Kp-index comes from the GFZ in Potsdam, Germany and is updated twice a month. http://www.theusner.eu/terra/aurora/kp_archive.php?year=2023&month=03&day=01&ndays=3. And even there it would have been difficult to see. A plot of the current Kp-index is located here: In the Andes, intense tropical sun, high elevation and naturally low ozone levels combine to boost UV radiation to record heights. This ranges from G1 for a Kp-value of 5 to G5 for a Kp-value of 9. These are the events that create the best aurora and the extended auroral oval will be observable by the most people. The Sicily temperature could not be independently confirmed . Eastern Standard + 5 hours = UT The heat index was developed in 1979 by Robert G. Steadman. Never mind the stupid imaginary KP index risk. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Where is the national space weather station? For any location on the middle latitudes a Kp-value of 7 is needed. show that UV-B levels were in the 20s in the days . When you do, please, always provide a link to this website (http://www.theusner.eu/terra/aurora/kp_archive.php). On June 21st, there is only a 12% chance. But oddly enough the Kp index never exceeded 7. The Kp index measures geomagnetic disruption caused by solar activity, on a scale from 0 (calm) to 9 (major storm). DST and Kp index variation on 4 Nov 2015 Fig. The low latitudes need Kp-values of 8 or 9. The UK's highest-ever temperature has been officially recorded in Cambridge, the Met Office has confirmed. You are welcome to use these diagrams for non commercial purposes. Until now the activity was low. GREEN BARS show a Kp index less than 4 (indicates little magnetic change) YELLOW BARS show a Kp index equal to 4 (indicates moderate magnetic change) RED BARS when the Kp is greater than 4 (indicates a storm warning) 3,193 posts, read 4,282,006 times Reputation: 2376. Just like a weather forecast, the KP Index can change. Labroides Captain Flight distance : 9991457 ft + Add Friend Person Message. Kp of 9+: aurora could be seen as far south as Texas and Florida. A "perfect storm" of ozone-destroying chemicals sent cancer-causing UV-B radiation soaring at the top of a South American volcano in 2003, a new study reports. The larger the index (7+) the more active the Earth's magnetic field becomes due to a storm from the sun. Solar activity interferes with GPS signals in two ways, both due to disruptions in the ionosphere: Even during a major storm, the extent to which you see these problems will depend on many other factors. A lot of people come to SpaceWeatherLive to follow the Sun's activity or if there is aurora to be seen, but with more traffic comes higher server costs. A 51-year-old man named Willie Jones suffered heat stroke on July 10, 1980, when the temperature outside was 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Alaska Standard Time + 9 = UT, Eastern Daylight Savings + 4 hours = UT This restricts regular Auroral displays to an area around, and just above, the Arctic Circle. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. First, the Kp index is determined using measurements of geomagnetic fluctuation while the solar wind power is determined using measurements of solar wind speed, magnetic field direction and strength. During the NASA-funded project, Cabrol and her colleagues explored high-elevation lakes in the Andes for insight into how life evolves in extreme environments. The higher the Kp index, the more likely you are to have diffulties getting an accurate GPS lock. Values of 7 or higher indicate a severe geomagnetic storm.). KP is just an indicator, but in most situations: KP 1 to 3: Auroras are usually quiet and faint. This chart updates every minute. It . For Kp in the range of 3 to 5, the aurora will move further from the poles, it will become brighter and there will be more auroral . The Kp-index is the global geomagnetic activity index that is based on 3-hour measurements from ground-based magnetometers around the world. Solar maximum is defined as the month with the highest sunspot number. Solar minimum in 2008 was the quietest since 1823 (the. The K-index was introduced by Julius Bartels in 1938. NY 10036. Time/General. Instead of 9 satellites, you might lock only 6, or the number might fluctuate from second to second. Once solar minimum is reached, that marks the end of one solar cycle and the beginning of the next. Instead, they were searching for environments on Earth that were similar to Mars. About Kp Index These are the official, finalized Kp-values for scientific research and archive purposes. Solar activity is increasing faster than official forecasts had predicted, data appears to show, and experts predict a stronger solar cycle than in previous years. For Kp in the range 0 to 2, the aurora will be far north, quite dim in intensity, and not very active. A radiation detector left on the 19,423-foot-tall (5,920 meters) peak picked up the extreme spike in UV-B radiation during the Southern Hemisphere summer. For Kp in the range 0 to 2, the aurora will be far north, quite dim in intensity, and not very active. There are lots of misunderstandings concerning this scale, but in this blog post we will give you all the information you need to understand . The air temperature was 108* and the dewpoint was 95*. It can be seen that the extreme geomagnetic . The short answer is NO. Thresher sharks . 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