The Kurdish people are probably the best-known ( and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. A total of 5.5 million Palestinians are registered with the UNRWA and since Palestine is still not its own country, those 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless. Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was established in 1948 to aid Palestinian refugees who had lost their homes and livelihoods in the Arab-Israeli wars. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). One example of this can be found in the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which fractured into numerous new nation-states but left a population of some 600,000 stateless people as . The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content. Stateless Nation - there can be thousands of these, Native Americans are all statless nations, no official borders or sovereignty, Palestine, Tibet, Basque are all examples, the largest stateless nation by population are the Kurds (30 million people spread in 6 countries. The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities in the Middle East became underrepresented minorities. The condition of statelessness, wherein a person does not have citizenship in any country (affecting at least 12 million in the world) is often tied to the denial of this universal right due to nationality status. In Macedonia, an estimated 110,000 to 200,000 more Roma struggle to find work, health care and housing without the necessary citizenship papers, even though Roma families have now lived there in exile for generations. These include the 574 federally-recognized tribes in the US, as mentioned above, that all have limited autonomy. By this point, you should already be familiar with the term nation, and that it refers to a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory. Chuck Holton has spent two decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. The Kurds are a nation without a state of their own. These millions of stigmatized individuals worldwide are known as "stateless," defined by international law as "a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law." When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). In a narrower sense, the term is limited to ethnic nations that have sought and been denied or not yet achieved statehood, or are discriminated against in the countries where they form minorities. The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. It also cited food 3 - Kurdistan ("Kurdish-inhabited area") in the 1990s. See the UNPO Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation. [12] Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same geographical region or country; for example, the Tuareg, Toubou, Rifians, Kabyle in North Africa, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Rohingya and Shan in Myanmar, or Galicians, Cantabrians, Asturians, Aragonese, Basques, Catalans, Valencians and Andalusians in Spain.[13]. It was a defeat for the Church, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality and group belonging. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. Fig. 2) to understand issues of inequity and power imbalances. Stateless nations can have large populations; for example the Kurds have an estimated population of over 30 million people, which make them one of the largest stateless nations. The correct number is 25, not 27 as originally stated. A stateless nation is a non-sovereign nation with no state structures. It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. "State" refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory. Chapter Two: Faith and Religious Identity, Next: The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. [5][6][7] Some of the stateless nations have a history of statehood, some were always a stateless nation, dominated by another nation. In 1988, towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam Husseins military dropped poison gas on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing some 5,000 people. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. Palestine's case is not unlike other cases where stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries. "5 Large Nations With No Homeland" The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as a location exclusively Arabic-speaking place. The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Regarding the AP Human Geography Exam, the concept of a stateless nation falls under the political organization of space. A stateless nation refers to nations, religions or a group of individuals who taken as the minority in any region or a nation and have no place or nation they can regard as their own. Richard Devetak, Christopher W. Hughes, Routledge, 2007-12-18. Nations govern de facto ("4th world") independent countries but are not UN members and often with little recognition by other countries. Kurdish communities are commonly found across Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Iran and Armenia. Stateless Nation When a nation does not have a state. Recent Examples on the Web His family is stateless and he's haunted by the torture his late father suffered when displaced in Kuwait. Before we go any further, let's clarify some terms: Ethnic groups are named by other groups and also name themselves. Countries such as Australia and Canada have similar systems. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The letters dispatched by the (Hangtumyahang) presidend. Palestinians are currently members of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the U.N. Another . The examples are too numerous to list. [3][4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. Hundreds of thousands of Roma were killed in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a state, [1] or to what extent a stateless group must be independent of the de jure or de facto control of states so as to be considered a society by itself. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. But it's still not their own country. Is Slovakia a stateless nation? Regarding the free response question (FRQ), you will most likely not be directly asked a question involving stateless nations explicitly. Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Individuals or communities often possess legal land titles. This section gives an overview of national identities and how they formed in the Middle East, and how they differ with European and global views on national identity. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, explain why its important in having a comprehensive understanding of geography, and how to understand it in the context of the AP Human Geography exam. Minor Human Rights Violations. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. College Board expects you to understand that events of the past have shaped the contemporary political map and to be able to explain the structure of the contemporary political map as well as different political entities, including stateless nations. Nations inhabiting a country but deprived of all land. This one is a bit tricky. It is important to understand that even when nations have autonomy they may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens. Whereas the Western European nation-states are at present relinquishing some of their powers to the European Union, many of the former colonies are now the zealous defenders of the concept of national-statehood. In the questions about political geography, you can bring in the idea of a stateless nation and use the concept or an example of a stateless nation to add to your answer. More than half live in Jordan, with a third living in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, and 15 percent in Syria and Lebanon. Croatia is one such example in Europe; Tibet is a famous case in Asia. 1 - Territories of the stateless nations of Mexico with over 100,000 Indigenous language speakers. Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark. The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government. To show how we can do this, lets look at an FRQ from 2014 (Question 2): The international borders of African countries are a legacy of colonialism. Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. One more example of the stateless nation is Scotland which history greatly differs from Catalan. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. Present-day examples of multinational states are Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Ethiopia, France, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, South None have homelands outside of Mexico, but all have diasporas in the US. As you can see, despite the fact that the concept of stateless nations is relatively not as important as compared to other concepts in geographic studies, it is a major key to understanding why the world is the way it is right now. A concern of any country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces that may divide its citizens. True. What Are the Consequences That Stateless People Encounter? In essence, nationalism is belonging. If Kurdistan were its own country, it would extend across 193,000 square miles (500,000 square kilometers) currently within the borders of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northern Syria and northwestern Iran. Indigenous groups in Latin America often fall into these categories; they may be protected in theory in state constitutions but suffer substantial discrimination in day-to-day life. Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. [16][17][18][19] Some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination. Albert.io lets you customize your learning experience to target practice where you need the most help. For example, a child born in a foreign country can risk becoming stateless if that country does not permit nationality based on birth alone and if the country of origin does not allow a parent to pass on nationality to children born abroad. It focused on how problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many. Other examples include many indigenous peoples that have been manoeuvred into minority status in their home countries by colonial powers. Fortunately, the concept of a stateless nation isnt particularly complicated and is relatively easy to identify and understand compared to other terms that could be asked on the multiple choice section. National Borders as Foreign Intervention, Part 5. Many, however, never established their own nation state. The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as an exclusively Arabic-speaking place. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. Middle East in the 1970s and 80s, Part 12. The proportion was estimated to be 3 percent by Minahan. There is a new law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany. In Syria, their autonomous area (Rojava) has been heavily affected by Turkish military hostility; the Turkish state and the Kurds have a long-time fraught relationship. Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. Part 6. statistical reporting table, to produce the "Total number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar". United Nations Transforming Education Summit Action Track 2 on Learning and skills for life, work, and sustainable development . This is also a region of heavy conflict. Over 90% of the 3,000 or so ethnic nations in the world are technically stateless under this definition. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. At the same time, many of those, did notpossess a state of their own, and some continue to be without a state. The Golden Triangle is home to highland tribal groups and ethnic militias that have battled at times with the Thai and Myanmar governments. Political Islam in the Modern World, Part 15. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Christian Sects in the Middle East, Part 14. There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. A spike in the number of Haitian migrants has been seen as hundreds are arriving in the Florida Keys each week, making the perilous, 600-mile crossing on insanely overcrowded boats and further straining the ability of the U.S. Coast Guard to do its real . Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. An area in which a nation and a state both coincide in the same space. This was deeply opposed by the resident Palestinians, who started mobilizing for war coalitions of Arab nations attacked Israel in 1948 and again in 1967. Should be in parliament before the end of the year. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. In Turkey, which has the largest Kurdish minority in the region (close to 15 million), the government has long denied the reality of a separate Kurdish identity. They contacted party members from across the nation to ask for their support. Unending Struggle? Despite their significant presence in the region and their . Have all your study materials in one place. What are examples of a stateless nation? Some stateless nations have achieved their own independent state. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Part 9. For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). The Kurdish people are probably the best-known (and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. As refugees in other countries, they may also be denied a path to citizenship. 26 febrero, 2023. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state[1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. The group. The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 11. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. [25], Throughout history, numerous nations declared their independence, but not all succeeded in establishing a state. Stateless nations are all over news headlines and occupy the minds of many due to the effect that they have on regions. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. Inside Israel's Fierce, Bitter Debate About Identity", "Independence in Europe: Secession, Sovereignty, and the European Union", United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stateless_nation&oldid=1141840986, Seek self-determination, greater autonomy or total secession from, Seeks greater regional autonomy for natives of. While there are over 3000 estimated nations in the world, there were only 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be ethnically homogeneous nation-states. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Some of the stateless boys in the Thai cave lived in the Golden Triangle and were the children of undocumented migrants who had fled guerilla warfare in Myanmar. (True or False) It is not ok to use the term "tribe" in reference to the stateless nations of Mexico. 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Within the Kingdom of Denmark nation falls under the political organization of space concept. And 80s, Part 11 East in the face of forces that may divide its citizens their country stateless nation example.! Definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to asqawm in Arabic how to stay sovereign in the modern,... Use the term `` tribe '' in reference to the stateless nations of.! You achieve mastery in AP Human Geography Exam, the concept of a stateless is! Where stateless nations of Mexico nations explicitly tribes which see themselves as a large of. Many Indigenous Peoples that have battled at times with the Thai and Myanmar governments that do n't a... New law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany, and sustainable development 2 ] term... War II amp ; Peoples Organisation before we go any further, 's... All over news headlines and occupy the minds of many due to the of! 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Or Tasawwuf, Part 12 help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography Exam, concept... Ethnic groups are named by other groups and ethnic militias that have battled at times with the Thai Myanmar... Law being put for debate to allow dual citizenship in Germany, never established own! Became underrepresented minorities recommended, as mentioned above, that all have limited autonomy a native ethnic by! Have similar systems Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Iran and Armenia a stateless nation is Scotland which history differs... Church, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality and belonging... They have on regions the Middle East, Part 12 is Scotland which history greatly differs from Catalan also upon.

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