they are digging deep to create the city's first metro system and doing so in just five years' time . Citizen engagement is a necessary facet of not just American politics but also a democratic state. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. The pandemic has profoundly shaken the U.S. sense of superiority in values, culture and systems since the Enlightenment, and by extension the entire West. A country that provides its citizen with education produces better minds that can bring in better business ideas to the economy. The highest court in China is the Supreme Peoples Court, which includes the Chief Justice and over 340 other judges, including 13 that are considered grand justices. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. It often compares itself to brands with which Westerners are familiar. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. . When we first traveled to China, in the early 1990s, it was very different from what we see today. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. The differences in political beliefs led to the formation of a two-party system in the United States, contrary to George Washington's wishes. There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. Under the pressure of aggregated economic inequality brought by globalization, and the army of unemployed people already displaced by new technologies, the U.S. government faces severe structural constraints under the present model of state-market and state-society interactions. This, of course, mirrors the role of U.S. defense and intelligence spending in the development of Silicon Valley. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! But this argument overlooks some fundamental differences between China and the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany, and France. This is the most appropriate entry point to reveal the evolution of human-land relationships. Additionally, in such a system, services and products are distributed and offered by the individuals working privately and independently with limited regulation from the government. Chinas GDP is forecast to grow 7% to 8% this year. Yet they found common ground to work in mutually beneficial ways. Comparision between US, UK, and China's Political Systems The United States Of America is a liberal democratic country, and the basic elements of democracy (majority rule, government by popular consent, one person one vote, and competitive elections, to name a few) are revered. Even though the laws of the United States provide every individual regardless of creed and color to vote, there have been instances of voter suppression reported, especially in relation to minorities, and this oppression has been systemic and has existed throughout the history of the US. In the early days of the outbreak, the Trump administration tried everything possible to downplay the severity of the situation attempting to secure the economy and votes in a presidential election year. One reason China can spend so much on infrastructure is that its defense budget, after years of increases, is still only about a quarter that of the United States. However, there are usually lawful ways to get around that. Countries with command economic systems are now changing their laws to become democratic and allow free-enterprise after realizing benefits it can bring in (Cavusgil, Ghauri & Akcal, 2012). Since China is a communist and one-party state, citizen engagement is lower in comparison to democratic states. Nevertheless, these changes do not seem to stand any chance of influencing its foreign policymakers, who remain convinced of their system's superiority relative to all others. Now CEO of the Hong Kongbased $40 billion private-equity firm PAG, Shan spoke with HBR Editor in Chief Adi Ignatius about the economic prospects for China and the United States. This paper analyzed the different political structures of both countries and highlighted the stark differences between a democratic state and a communist state, but the analysis also provided one similarity, which was the elitist government structure that existed in both political structures. American companies will do so only if U.S. tariffs become more penalizing than moving would be. Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? Diversity is naturally occurring, whether it be among ethnicities, religions, governing systems or whatever else. They both have a presiding official, like a judge, plaintiffs, defendants, legal council etc. The well-being and economic development is another key branch of a political system that affects business operations (Solinger, 2016). That focus on securing short-term gain is why the young asset manager in Shanghai left a good long-term job for a relatively small but immediate pay raisebehavior that still plagues many businesses trying to retain talent and manage succession pipelines in China. In China, the legal system "is based on civil laws" (Nolan, 2012). What the Chinese government does oppose is the system of electoral democracy as . But the third assumption can also mislead those seeking to engage with China. That has political implications, of coursefor example, that the public ownership of assets is necessary to ensure an equal distribution of wealthbut the economic outcomes are the focus. Then, in the 1990s, she took advantage of the new economic freedoms, becoming a 30-something entrepreneur in one of the new Special Economic Zones. For example, a 2015 survey found that 81% of them trade at least once a month, even though frequent trading is invariably a way to destroy rather than create long-term fund value. What's most ironic about this observation is that domestic American politics are nowadays focusing on the merits of diversity, yet its foreign policy is exclusively predicated on conformity. These are valid points and deserve to be expanded upon in order to enlighten others further. for only $16.05 $11/page. But even those concepts lead to considerable misunderstanding on the part of Westerners, who often reduce Confucianism to cloying ideas about peace and cooperation. A major turning point was the financial crisis of 2008, which in Chinese eyes revealed the hollowness of the Washington consensus that democratization and economic success were linked. The one long-term asset class in which increasing numbers of Chinese are investedthat is, residential property, ownership of which grew from 14% of 25-to-69-year-olds in 1988 to 93% by 2008is driven also by the need for security: Unlike all other assets, property ensures a roof over ones head if things go wrong, in a system with limited social welfare and a history of sudden policy changes. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. At 22,000 miles, it is twice as long as the rest of the worlds combined. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. Between 1990 and 2009, investment from China to all of Latin America was about $7 billion. What is it that Americans dont understand about China? Would you like to get this essay by email? Although many in the West may believe that China sees only opportunity in its 21st-century global plans, its motivation is very different. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done . The reality is quite different. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. The Chinese spent countless hours restructuring their legal system to closer represent those in the Western business. Civic engagement is not just on an individual basis but is also done through the use of groups and communities. 808 certified writers online. Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/economic-and-political-differences-china-vs-united-states. In fact, many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievementslarge-scale poverty reduction, huge infrastructure investment, and development as a world-class tech innovatorhave come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. Some real differences between the two countries do exist, but they have historically managed them without escalating tensions. Corporatism also recognizes only one organization as its sole representative, which can be seen through the CCP (Chan, 1994). The technology war waged by the Trump administration forced China to develop critical technologies, such as semiconductor chips, for which it has relied on U.S. suppliers. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. This review discusses recent efforts to systematically compare three leading values in China's philosophical traditionsmeritocracy, hierarchy, and harmony . The branches of the government are not only responsible for the laws of the land but are also responsible for ensuring free and fair elections and that the citizens of the country that they represent are being heard (USG, 2020). Unlike China, the U.S. spends more than 50% above its annual revenues leading to high deficits. In other words, it's actually the U.S. that's an ideologically driven state and not China, unlike what the Western mainstream media has falsely claimed in recent years. Lets be honest: A rising China may be a threat to Americas economic and technological supremacy, but not to its national security, because China doesnt export its ideology or political system and doesnt seek regime change anywhere in the world. Chinas rapid economic growth is the result of its embrace of a market economy and private enterprise. In Canada, it is a . The task, in both China and the West, is to reduce the gap between the ideal of basic human rights and the reality. Considering that China adopted the system of the dynamic market much later than other nations, it has done remarkably well to have such a positive impact on its economy. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. Editor's note: Andrew Korybko is a Moscow-based American political analyst. Some of its technological successes have been driven by market forces: People wanted to buy goods or communicate more easily, and the likes of Alibaba and Tencent have helped them do just that. References Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. As the situation worsened, Trump had to rise and respond, only to find more problems revealing themselves hundreds of thousands of confirmed cases of infections awaiting treatment, medical equipment in short supply, the fatal consequences of the hollowing out U.S. industries. Recognizing that the authoritarian Marxist-Leninist system is accepted in China as not only legitimate but also effective is crucially important if Westerners are to make more-realistic long-term decisions about how to deal with or invest in the country. Delivery in 6+ hours! The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. Social Structure In China, the social structure is formal and hierarchical. Sometimes, in fact, it must sacrifice economic benefits for political or military ones. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. The local and minor elections in the country are the only form of citizen engagement that is seen in the political process of China, but there have been many cases of suppression in the minor elections, especially regarding independent candidates. Land use is the most direct manifestation of human activities, accompanied by changes in land cover. In the countryside life retained many of its traditional elements. In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. Globalization has numerous benefits among them promoting the economy of a country but at the same time, it is faced with several obstacles. Eager for experience, she took a job as an investment analyst with a Shanghai-based foreign asset manager, but despite a long-term career plan mapped out by her employer, she left that company for a small short-term pay raise from a competitor. What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, A version of this article appeared in the. China, if it doesnt respond to U.S. nationalist challenges, will face soaring nationalist pressures at home. If a business is successful, its usually open to taking outside capital so that it can quickly expand nationwide. They dont know how capitalist China is. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. This means that business contracts are not usually detailed in China since the civil codes do not cover most laws. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. These are the reforms China is makingand they need to be understood on their own terms, not simply as a distorted or deficient version of a liberal model. Such ideas may appear very different from the outward-facing, Confucian concepts of benevolence and harmony that China presents to its international, English-speaking audience. No personal data is being tracked. But the state-owned sector remains too big and inefficient. As market research consistently tells us, the majority of individual Chinese investors behave more like traders. Both countries have a Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branch. For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. China now has better highways, rail systems, bridges, and airports than the United States does. Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. The executive branch of the government holds the highest position of head of state and the cabinet as well, which is appointed by the National Peoples Congress. Political credibility and economic development. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. After all, if it genuinely believed in the merits of diversity at home, it wouldn't try to snuff out political diversity abroad. That, perhaps, is why its current president and (more crucially) party general secretary, Xi Jinping, has let it be known that he considers Gorbachev a traitor to the cause for liberalizing as he did, thereby destroying the Communist Partys hold on the USSR. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. China, meanwhile, doesn't apply any such double standards. The geographic location factor is important since it dictates how well a country can be accessed to do business with and both China and United States have good locations since they are connected to water bodies. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. China and the United States are one of the strongest economies in the world, and both nations are considered superpowers and have contributed significantly to global politics and culture. Thus many Chinese consumers prefer the short-term gains of the stock market to locking their money away in long-term savings vehicles. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. In contrast, the U.S. always does the inverse and never misses an opportunity to pressure others in increasingly creative ways. Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. Solinger, D. J. But it wont back off from its territorial claims, all of which predate the Peoples Republic of China. China uses its particular authoritarian modeland its presumed legitimacyto build trust with its population in ways that would be considered highly intrusive in a liberal democracy. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the (2016). Lobbying groups have more of an influence on the government of the United States than the citizens themselves, which creates the question if the US is more pluralist or elitist, and the matter of the fact is that the US is not really a representative republic but rather a pluralist oligarchy. Does that create new investment opportunities? However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. Whatever its intentions may be, there's no longer any denying that the Biden administration has double standards towards diversity at home and abroad, which hints at ulterior motives towards one, the other, or perhaps both of these approaches. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. Voter suppression has been reported through disenfranchising people of color, through restrictions placed on mail-in voting that can cause irregularities in the system and strict voter ID laws that can contribute to issues that can cause certain people to not place votes(McKeever, 2020). In this view, Trump wont necessarily lose if he fails to bring the pandemic under control; but if he fails to save the U.S. economy, his fate is sealed. But defaults and bankruptcies are common in a market economy. 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