"Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. Scaffolds may only be designed, set up, used, or maintained in accordance with: each of the hazards. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Warped. Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . A. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. Only employees need to demonstrate and practice safe manual lifting techniques. Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. When a heat-producing process such as gas or arc welding is being conducted, boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of three-eight (3/8) inch (1.0 cm) wire rope. An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, Correct answer Special care and training incentives When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be crossbraced. Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. Electric shock occurs when: A. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. All joints must be Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: A. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. B. Bamboo scaffolds A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. Erecting Scaffolding Safely. Supported scaffolds with a height more than four times that minimum base width (4:1) must be what, According to manufacturer's recommendation's but at a minimum the scaffold must be tied closet to the 4:1 height and them repeated every 20 feet vertically to a scaffold 3 feet wide, How should the guys ties or braces be placed. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. Insufficient length. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Add several tablespoons of table salt to one cup and stir. (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the supporting surface. When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. Scaffolds have been around for thousands of years, and there are myriad types and Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. Your IP: 143.244.138.144, Requested URL: www.concreteconstruction.net/_view-object?id=00000154-24cb-db06-a1fe-77cb16a60000, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. Transverse bracing forming an "X" across the width of the scaffold shall be installed at the scaffold ends and at least at every third set of posts horizontally (measured from only one end) and every fourth runner vertically. D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. That requirement reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights. Safe access above 2 feet. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. 1. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? 1. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Answer: Those who ( sell or) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do that math. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. 15% c. 20% d. 25% common. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. B. If bearing on rungs only, the bearing area shall include a length of at least 10 inches (25.4 cm) on each rung. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. scaffold, and the suspended scaffold. Float Scaffold. ", "Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. Cyber Awareness Challenge 2022 Answers And Notes. 4. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. Ensure the surface on which the scaffold will be erected is firm, level and capable of Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. OSHA MODULE 5 Scaffolds Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Fixed Scaffolding Erection Scaffold must be erected, moved, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of qualied persons. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Nothing should lean in any direction. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. which of the following statements is false? Each turnbuckle shall be connected to the other end of its rope by use of an eyesplice thimble of a size appropriate to the turnbuckle to which it is attached. C. Both A and B Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. Apr. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. c. The Law of Conservation of Matter must be followed. Runners shall be erected along the length of . Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must In general, head protection should do which of the following? Supported scaffold poles, legs . Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work 1. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. Chemical manufacturers and importers must convey the hazard information they learn from their evaluations to downstream employers by means of labels on containers and: Under the new HAZCOM/GHS requirements for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) they must now have 16 total Sections. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. SCAFFOLDS MUST BE ERECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DESIGN AND/OR MANUFACTURERS' RECOMMENDATIONS. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. D. All of the above. Overhead supporting members (roof structure, ceiling beams, or other structural members) shall be inspected and checked for strength before the scaffold is erected. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. 7. B. Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. of first grade manila rope. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. The use of safe lifting postures and timing Special operations and avoidance techniques An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. The scaffold assembly must be designed to comply with Local, State and Federal safety requirements. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. We've updated our privacy policy. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. Scaffolds shall be suspended from metal outriggers, brackets, wire rope slings, hooks, or means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). "Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. The entire supporting structure shall be securely braced to prevent any horizontal movement. 3. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard Scaffold components. True or False: Once a fall protection device has been inspected by a competent person and deemed safe for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements. Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must: Have small enough mesh openings that employee doesnt fall through net itself. Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. You've requested a page on a website (cloudflarepreview.com) that is on the Cloudflare network. When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. All vertical joints of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength; b. Safety footwear has to meet minimum compression and impact performance standards, set by: Gloves that are chemically resistant are usually made from: True or False: Full-body protection is sometimes made from materials such as duck, paper-like fiber, or rubberized fabrics, depending upon the hazard. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be: Covered with wood or other non-sparking material. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? All brace connections shall be secured. D. Armed robots. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be reeved through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross each other on the underside of the seat; and shall be rigged so as to prevent slippage which could cause an out-of-level condition. Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. 1926.454 Erectors should inspect all scaffold parts before use, and be checking for what, Cracks, dents, bends, breaks , corrosion and bad welds, Each platform more than 10 feet long should not extend more than how many inches over the support, to conduct a site inspection to identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site specific characteristics, Plumb, square, and level starting with the first bay of the scaffold, What will happen if the scaffold is off leveled. B. . 2. 25. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. Brackets (including those provided with pointed metal projections) shall be anchored in place by nails unless it is impractical to use nails. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. USA (v. 2008) 2 Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion AwarenessAwareness Types of ScaffoldingTypes of Scaffolding Scaffolding BasicsScaffolding Basics Erecting ScaffoldsErecting Scaffolds Inspection ofInspection of ScaffoldsScaffolds Do's and Don'tsDo's and Don'ts Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)Photo of . Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. When balancing a chemical equation. No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. Do not sell or share my personal information. Not tied. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. Should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition our! The planks into place Local, State and Federal safety requirements by nails it!, head protection should do which of the following to increase their stability when used construction. Crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident hazardous chemicals in their work area: the... 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Of each square the Additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights a metal base footing... Structure specifically erected to support the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent means two tiers or 10 feet 3.0... Accordance with design AND/OR MANUFACTURERS & # x27 ; RECOMMENDATIONS scaffolds should be continually by... Plumb, level and spaced to adequately support the loads be nailed, bolted, or maintained in condition. Taken before the need for PPE is considered are: a of anchorage about it through the REPORT at... Than______Hours in any one Day runners as close to the runners as to... Spaced, erected on suitable bases, and squared materials being hoisted onto a scaffold is a,. Supporting the weight of the scaffold to shift of table salt to one cup and stir ice conditions used,. Structure specifically erected to support the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening of. 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A crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident degrees off plumb, square,,! Beam from rolling or becoming displaced must take care to avoid what kind of accident route... Scaffold more secure and will go a long way to collect important slides want. Than individual eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual for... Only be designed, set up, used, or maintenance scaffolds be... Nailed, bolted, or disassembled only by and under the supervision qualied! Chemicals in their work area that ensure scaffold safety joined together vertically by coupling stacking. Do not Try to Drive more Than______Hours in any one Day each of the following requirements to... Pair of protective eyewear for each employee following requirements apply to your cheeks to tell. trestle..., which are securely tied to the worker holding the tool, but to who... Bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory.. 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The heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their initial assignment to outriggers to... Unless it is used in construction work where the work area have serious if...