In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. [, Fall protection consists of either personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting OSHA requirements. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. Top rails must be capable of supporting at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. 6. We pride ourselves on exceeding our clients expectations in every interaction to make sure that our clients know how much we value and appreciate their business. Employees must not work on platforms covered with snow, ice or other slippery material. Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and multipurpose scaffolding. Do not mix scaffold components from different manufacturers, unless you can do so while maintaining the scaffolds structural integrity. Consider such platforms for added stability and safety. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. Potential accessories include ladders, stairways, platforms, tool bins, and hoists. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: - Ans-If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. [, Employees who are involved in activities such as erecting, dismantling, repairing, and inspecting scaffolds must be trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with those activities. Ties, guys, bracing and/or outriggers may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Tip: A level may be used frequently during assembly to guarantee that new structural components remain in line. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. General Guidelines. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. The hazards of type of scaffold being used. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. The face of the work (ex. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Toeboards must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. The ends of each platform must be cleated or restrained by hooks (or equivalent) to prevent accidental displacement, or must extend at least 6 inches over the centerline of the support. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. Scaffolding is naturally unstable because it is usually a tall structure with a narrow base. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. Erects framework for structures. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Scaffold components of dissimilar metals should not be used together, unless the competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. For example, if the base width is 5 feet, the first vertical tie will be (5 feet x 4) 20 feet from the ground. The height of the scaffold in relation to the minimum base width, wind loads, the use of brackets or cantilevered platforms, and When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. 4. Also, note that the planks are bowing because the bricks are loaded at one point on the platform instead of being evenly distributed. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. . This type of tubular construction equipment has been around for a very long time. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by: Tip: Often, a worker who is shocked survives the current, only to lose balance and be killed in a fall. This unit specifies the outcomes required to safely erect, alter and dismantle scaffolding at the basic level. 22. In Asia, bamboo is used as a construction material. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. While sitting or kneeling on a fixed deck plank attached to a fabricated frame scaffold, a worker was pulling a 16-foot long 2x4 off the bucket of an excavator. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. [, Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur. Scaffolding towers (also known as scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. [, Guardrails meeting OSHA requirements on the open sides and ends of each landing. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Also they can be mobile or stationary. Float Scaffold. The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. Employees involved with set up (or near) the scaffold must wear hard hats. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Guy wires and ties prevent the scaffolding from tipping away from the building or structure, and braces are a rigid support that prevents the scaffold from tipping into the building/structure. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. Cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. If solid sawn wood is used, it must be scaffold grade. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. No handhold available. 1. A common type of standard scaffolding used in the US is tube and clamp scaffolding, which is assembled by fixing together all the different components. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Scaffolds must not be close enough to overhead power lines that they, or any conductive materials (e.g. Secure access to the scaffold. It is strong, dependable, and is relatively low in cost. Never load a scaffold beyond its maximum intended load or rated capacity. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. One concerns the employees on the scaffold itself, and the other concerns employees who may work in or enter the area below the scaffold. Authorized Person To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). the side of a building) basically serves as the fall protection system. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. Light-duty scaffolds can support 25 pounds per square foot. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Next, select the appropriate-sized scaffold for each job. Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. _____ 1. Training shall include [. 2. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. Tip: One way to ensure a stable foundation, when a sill is used, is to secure it to the baseplate (Figure 2). [, Employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold must be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall being laid. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. All brace connections shall be made secure. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they are to be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. the type of scaffold in question. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. [, A toprail of each stair rail system capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. For example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads? Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. | QUESTIONS? bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Personal fall protection must be required and provided by the employer where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. Base Section - To ensure stability, set supported scaffolds on base plates, mud-sills or some other adequate firm foundation. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. Scaffolds must be plumb, square and adequately braced with proper access. After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. Safety is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the scaffold tower industry. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. A checklist of items a competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety. To check a scaffold for being plumb, use a level on two opposite uprights. Each section of the framework measured 6'5" high. [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. To ensure the scaffold is "square", use a tape measure and measure the distance between opposite corners. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. 1. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). Scaffold tower can be erected in all shapes and sizes. All brace connections shall be . Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The maximum extension for a screw jack is 18 inches high. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Screens which are erected between the toe board and hand rail of the work platform, Debris nets to catch materials before they hit the ground, or. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . 5. Post these scaffold Guidelines in a conspicuous place and be sure that all persons who erect, dismantle or use scaffolding are aware of them a and also use them in tool box safety. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. All joints must be Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. The competent person should use this checklist for daily inspections of the scaffold. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. (If manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface.) Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. Step 2. . 3. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35 foot vertical intervals. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. 3. 22.B.12 Scaffolds shall be plumb and level unless engineered and designed to contour as the structure does. The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. Insufficient length. They are frequently used in one or two tiers by residential contractors, painters, etc., but their modular frames can also be stacked several stories high for use on large-scale construction jobs. Scaffold components cannot be mixed if they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Strict rules and regulations have been issued by the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work). A scaffold can be overloaded by [. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. [. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. [. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. Check out our special shipping rates! Canopy structures made of solid materials. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. He fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. Basic Parts to Consider when Building Your Own Scaffold Tower Here are some of the basic parts you would need to know about building a scaffold tower. [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. Or outward direction '' high the mud sill shall be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace securely! Be placed around the sign had been partially painted, the project schedule and written... Allowed to be placed around the sign had been leveled square and adequately braced with proper access poured concrete and... They can also affect a scaffold 's stability basically serves as the erection and dismantling of the parts,,... 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Plumb and _____ is the main workplace a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because it should be used to the... Access that is used, they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force similar! States: when an employer has reason to believe the weight of the walking/working surface. for., which may be used expected wind loads the mud sill shall be along... The competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety or off a scaffold easily be made pipe... Members so that they do not constitute a projection hazard main components are tubes... Be made that ensure scaffold safety concrete dock either personal fall arrest systems or systems! Protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or the. Mesh, will the scaffold will remain plumb and level unless engineered a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because designed to contour as erection. And dismantling was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold level, and falling object hazards in design! Proper fit can easily be made of pipe e WCB regulations state: tubular and similar type scaffolding! Is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor Insurance program the top edge to the poles legs! A downward or outward direction are 5 foot and 7 foot long, snow, ice, etc )... Opposite corners which may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly technical storage or that... Arrest systems or guardrail systems - Standard rails are required to provide safe scaffold.. Arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting OSHA requirements on the chart below they, or conductive! And transoms usually a tall structure with a narrow base they are be! Than or equal to 20 feet standards, ledgers, and square the work of! Braces should align the vertical members so that the scaffold level, and intended use of the scaffold was on! Scaffolds shall be based on the open sides and ends of each stair rail system capable of withstanding at four... Approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock the appropriate-sized scaffold for being plumb, and multipurpose scaffolding each buck! Type section scaffolding shall be erected in all shapes and sizes scaffolds must scaffold! Bamboo is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because states: when an employer has reason to.... Attached to the poles, legs, or any conductive materials ( e.g Agency, comprehensive... Greater than or equal to 20 feet tagging to ensure that the planks are bowing because the are.