We were hearing the stories all the time, especially when we were near the places or going past somewhere, my mum would always say, Over that way. Shed point the finger and say, Dont go that way. The area of Nuntin is on the western side of the Avon and was shown in a survey map of 1857. 0000020785 00000 n
At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. <>
This National Reconciliation week, reflect on the hidden history of the 1843 massacre of the Gurnaikurnai people at Warrigal Creek. There are two significant aspects to this story: Dunderdale specifically named Lachlan Macalister as the perpetrator and he added the caveat on the death toll. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. Bookings free, but essential. The arrival of the Europeans changed the dynamics of this conflict with the introduction of firearms and the formation of the Native Police. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. 1 0 obj
Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth.[18]. Some of the tale also bears a resemblance to accounts of the Hospital Creek massacre in New South Wales that emerged between 1911 and 1919, in which the survivor was a one-eyed Aborigine. Robinsons comments are significant in that he was revealing that escaped convicts were responsible for mistreating the Kurnai. He wrote a number of reports on the state of Gippsland to his superior, Charles La Trobe, the Superintendent of the Port Phillip District. The Warrigal Creek Massacre of 1843 was another despicable act of violence. Fawkner blamed them for most of the conflict between the Europeans and the Aborigines. In Through Foreign Eyes, Gardner quoted the journal of William Thomas, the Assistant Protector of Aborigines. 0000116989 00000 n
T*,2$i ,2N0p$ rOE2)Tde$2([X~O`E([HH|MrJSo Bunjileene was a leader of the Gunaikurnai people and Purrine was the head of the Lowanjerri tribe of the Bunurong. It may be student work out of Swinburne. [14], Conflict with the Kurnai was not restricted to the Europeans. 0000034127 00000 n
In October that year, ninety-seven Kurnai warriors made a revenge raid into Bunurong territory. Elizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. 0000115969 00000 n
HLWKf_e|~JD,@K&HSU}t?nO?7OWO?zW_/Vew}V53VfyKwVh{OM5{=+JUwPfQ}-nXY34lMXGz+{? Nous et nos partenaires utilisons des cookies et des outils similaires afin d'assurer le bon fonctionnement de nos services, d'amliorer la fonctionnalit de notre site Web, de comprendre comment les visiteurs utilisent nos services afin que nous puissions amliorer nos performances, et des fins . 12/02/2019. Like Dunderdale and Thomas, he did not mention a mythical Highland Brigade and he was clearly not constrained by Gardners imaginary secrecy. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the Brigade from one camp to another. 0000885516 00000 n
No wild beast of the forest was ever hunted down with such unsparing perseverance as they are. In July 1843, a European named Ronald Macalister was killed by First Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria. In 1845, Tyers reported on the Aborigines, stating: In the early part of 1843as I have been informed, some of the Corner Inlet tribe were occasionally employed by the few Settlers at Port Albert in carrying fire wood and in other light work for which they generally received payment in flour & cbut since the unprovoked murder of Mr Ronald Macalister by them at Port Albert, about that time, they have not been seen in the neighbourhood. McMillan is not implicated in any of the material cited as evidence against him. The Balderstones house is just steps from a humble waterway where up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were mowed down, turning the water red with blood, A massacre map of the frontier wars interactive. The question posed at the start of this article was whether Gardners Warrigal Creek massacre story should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. Stay updated on Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary Screening and find even more events in Warragul. In the latter, there is no mention of McMillan at all, the death toll is different (many escaped into the bush), and there is no Bing Eye or Club Footwhich may suggest editorial licence in the original version. Probably even as a child I just sensed something its a really spiritual place, she says. A second version of Hoddinotts story was published in the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940. Because to move forward we must acknowledge our past. y]\lt`(+WT5[y&Z}_~PbEH/XFN4Kz+Vb)44BQ?Zh*Y Eo4/xhJk It is free to attend this event, but bookings are essential. The stories were republished as The Book of the Bush in 1898. 5 0 obj We wish to pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging. 0000010708 00000 n
Its part of our life and its not that I dont stop and think about it. Bell stated: The historic pen of Victorian settlement would paint with truth the horrors of many a scene of Gipps Land life; it was in 1843 that the aggressions of the blacks were so frequent. The reference to Bundalaguah Swamp has previously escaped notice. First though, it is necessary to establish the circumstances that led to the European settlement of Gippsland and the resulting conflict with the indigenous Kurnai people, which is the root of the massacre story. 0000012931 00000 n
4 0 obj [56] These accounts nonetheless provide evidence of the otherwise unrecorded conflict between the Europeans and the Kurnai at places such as Bruthen Creek. 0000011274 00000 n
[citation needed], A witness, Willy Hoddinott, wrote the following in 1925:[3], "The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the Waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. stream 0000024998 00000 n
They travelled with Edward Hobson, who was attempting to find an overland route to Gippsland. The Warrigal Creek Massacre - the documentary There have now been two packed-out screenings of this documentary at Stratford. Events.com Browse is curated for you to find and attend events you love. [40] Otherwise, he has no involvement in the story. This essay appears in Decembers Quadrant. GLaWAC has been given permission to screen the Warrigal Creek Massacre film at our office at Forestec. In the revised edition of Gippsland Massacres, Gardner reinvented the account, claiming the bones were carried away from the [Warrigal] Creek by the cartload. The culture of secrecy surrounding the massacres was evident in Willy Hoddinotts account (as an anonymous Gippslander) published in the Gap magazine more than 80 years later: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. endstream
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LGMedia. I asked him if he was not afraid of meeting the Blacks, his reply was, Blks Sir no fear of them now they would run away as soon as they see a white man but there are not many left, he said he had a Brother who had been in Gippsland from the first his name was Bunton & kept a Public house in Gippsland by the Dirty Water Holes & a cattle station joining to Mr. McAllister who was killed, that after Mr. McAllisters murder great slaughter of the blacks took place and that on his brothers station a cart load of Blks bones might be gath.rd up [49]. Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late to be a cover-up. To implicate McMillan, Gardner imputed words and meaning into this story that are simply not there, rendering his narrative both perplexing and questionable. 0001064309 00000 n
Gunaikurnai people have visited the land for years to pay their respects, giving Balderstone some understanding of the pain and intergenerational trauma they still experience. The answer is in three parts. Lachlan Macalisters demand of Gipps to provide protection for the settlers gives the impression that the settlers were on the defensive against both the Kurnai and the convicts. 0000024533 00000 n
The Chief Protector of Aborigines, George Augustus Robinson (right), noted that the settlers were not the only ones to suffer from the convicts: There is however reason to fear that before the arrival of the Commissioner a large amount of mischief had been inflicted upon the original Inhabitants by the lawless and depraved who had infested the port from Van Diemens Land and the Middle Districts [present-day New South Wales] and that the instance recorded (if reports be true) is not the only one in which the Blacks have suffered. The La Trobe Journal, 86, 23-36. I welcome you all to (insert place name). Balderstone and Irving hope that one day Australia fully recognises the extent of the massacres through a truth and reconciliation commission. NAIDOC Week 2019. Gardner, Peter, 'The Warrigal Creek massacre', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, pp. Presumably he had reasons for both, but he did not say why and he did not reveal the source of his information. 0001021671 00000 n
In other words, by coincidence, Robinson and Hatcher arrived in Gippsland at exactly the same time. 2 0 obj
The attack on the Brataualung people camped at Warrigal Creek was one of several incidents resulting in loss of life among the Gunai Kurnai people. [44] The word colourful may have been more appropriate. 8 /Filter /FlateDecode >> Gardner cites other versions of the death of Macalister and the massacre to build his narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale. A European convicted of cattle stealing in the Port Phillip District faced the penalty of transportation for fifteen years; in Van Diemens Land, it was for life.[24]. 6az Q";cM;|?)/ Bg~VK7QVK_6 +K}\\&h"DmWK+^>Pnu"8H8@sF1jO-@g?XjGs=2]v'x9y[6p X
&.-Yl;;]+/[r=w(\QwG
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&DvB )vBqKwbm%aM!._aiaekE)hc_9lujzR10IrR--6HWXSA[Wd{DS#~}wDvenr,rFU-}aOe(d}b Smith Street and Albert Street, Warragul, 3820, VIC, AU. Some basic research puts Hatchers account into context. Gardner claims his work is partly political and partly moralistic; he disdains objectivity and describes his politics as left. Perhaps the most apt way to name these outrageous and brutal occurrences is that they be called after the man who organised and perpetrated them: Angus McMillan. The men were easy prey for the Kurnai and by mid-1843, four had been murdered. His words continue to have influence and have provided a convenient but misplaced source of outrageand how does the community benefit from having negative sentiments engendered on a false premise? Many Bunurong joined the police and used the guise of their role to extract vengeance on the Kurnai. << /Length 17 0 R /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 293 /Height 146 /Interpolate Perhaps the most revealing example of Gardners influence is Cal Flynns Thicker Than Water, in which McMillan is denounced by his own descendant. The history of early Gippsland will invariably include many intersecting and conflicting narratives. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. Gardners evidence for Angus McMillans involvement in the Warrigal Creek massacre consists of a story written for The Gap school magazine in 1925 by William Hoddinott under the pseudonym of Gippslander. It is about the importance of truth- telling. The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal? Originally reported by Robinson as such, Gardner has interpreted an obscure comment by Robinson to argue that it was actually a massacre by settlers that Robinson was covering up. Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. In an essay on Gippsland from April 1843, Henry Bebb Morris described a mock fight between six Kurnai men using spears, boomerangs and waddies: they are small men, and when in repose would not be remarked for beauty or figure, but under the excitement of the fight they put every muscle into motion, and threw themselves into attitudes which would have graced a Grecian warrior. Bells account is matter-of-fact and he did not name McMillan or any other person. People need to feel that their voices and stories are heard and we need to listen with humility because theres not just emotional hurt there, but also terrible physical pain, Irving says. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> [10] Caldow (2012) p.25; Caldow W (2010) The early livestock trade between Gippsland and Van Diemens Land: insights from Patrick Coady Buckleys journal of 1844. startxref
Launch date: Wednesday 4 AprilStratford Courthouse TheatreFree entry but bookings essentialRegister via Eventbrite http://bit.ly/2sTmWsCAbout the filmWhen An. %%EOF
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In July 1843 Angus McMillan and a group of his countrymen known as the Highland Brigade shot between 60 and 150 Gunaikurnai people in retribution for the murder of Ronald Macalister, the nephew of a wealthy pastoralist, Lachlan Macalister, who owned a local station called Nuntin. Among the most shocking is the Jack Smith massacre (Warrigal Creek, Victoria) in 1843, where about 150-170 Brataualang people were killed over 5 days in retaliation for the killing of one single personRonald Macalister, the nephew of a local squatter. He recorded that there were fifty-five Prisoners of the Crown in Gippsland, nine of whom were in government service. One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. Ranald Macalister was the nephew of Lachlan Macalister and the fifth European to be murdered by the Kurnai. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. 2023 Vimeo.com, Inc. All rights reserved. Gardners fiction about McMillan, his misquoting of source material, and his reliance on an unattributed, anonymous and generic story truly relegates his Warrigal Creek narrative to the realms of the apocryphal. [25], Tyers noted that the Kurnai were geographically isolated from all of the neighbouring Aboriginal tribes, none of whom could understand their language, and From this circumstance, the Chief Protector [Robinson] on his visit to Gipps Land last year, was unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with them. The isolation from the other tribes meant that their fierce and predatory habits have received no check.[26]. Gardners work has hints of Marxist reductionism, where the Kurnai are portrayed as living in an Arcadian economy that was destroyed by the expansionary capitalism of the land-hungry squatters. The statistical discrepancies likely emerged because Macmillan's group killed Aboriginal people at five different locations in the area. [34] How left is open to interpretation given that his third book, Our Murdering Founding Father (a diatribe against McMillan), begins with the property is theft quote from the nineteenth-century anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. To date, there is nothing to suggest that it will include Angus McMillan leading the Charge of the Highland Brigade. Events.com has to offer. Establishing the factual basis of this will require in-depth research to uncover any written evidence before Bells account from 1874, as well as archaeological evidence at locations such as Bruthen Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp. 0000014051 00000 n
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`d``A h! [22] Sydney Morning Herald 15 April 1844, p. 4; the article appears to have Lachlan Macalisters turn of phrase. Host virtual events and webinars to increase engagement and generate leads. He was joined by detachments of the Border and Native Police. 0001031115 00000 n
I have seen somewhere that this version of the. Where I live you can almost point in every direction [to a massacre site], he says. 0000002733 00000 n
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There were further reports of violence involving the Kurnai in April 1844 when the Sydney Morning Herald printed a letter from a Gippsland squatter: The blacks are still continuing their outragesburning huts, robbing peoples gardens, and slaughtering cattle by wholesale. Light refreshments will be available. A Mr. Nelsons house was also attacked a few days before, and the blacks, after wounding a man in his employ, decamped with several articles of his property.[19]. This article has been rated as Low-importance on the . In a letter to his family in England dated April 1846, the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick said: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The blacks are very quiet here now, poor wretches. [4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. Hoddinott said that more than 100 Aboriginal people were killed on that day. An important part of Australian history, necessary for reconciliation. Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary This documentary will be shown at the Regent Theatre in Yarram on 10 July at 7.30pm during Naidoc Week. 0000115891 00000 n
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[43] The fallacy of this secrecy argument is that it is contradicted by Gardners own evidence from William Thomas from 1845 and other versions of the massacre story that pre-date Gippslander by more than fifty years (see below). Please enable JavaScript to experience Vimeo in all of its glory. They did not find any Bunurong so they ransacked a squatters station instead. According to Tyers, at least fifty Kurnai were killed by the Native Police and other Aborigines attached to the search parties. The Scottish colonist and pastoralist, Angus McMillan, led a group of around 20 colonists to attack and kill several groups of Aboriginal people across a number of days. 0000023940 00000 n
[55] The murder of Macalister may have marked a turning point in which the Europeans went on the offensive. You can still browse your favorite events on our from It is cited in the Australian Dictionary of Biography entry for McMillan, which is in turn cited on the Victorian Parliament website. There exists little to no official documentation of the Warrigal Creek Massacre. Before declaring Hoddinotts tale to be completely reliable, it would have been prudent to analyse its contents. These stories contain the earliest known account of a massacre as revenge for the death of Macalister. The murder of Ranald Macalister may have been the pretext for an attack on the Kurnai at Warrigal Creek or Gammon Creek but this is not borne out by the contemporary historical record. [50] This raises two issues: first, this is a fallacious misuse of the material; Hatcher said the bones might be gathered uphis might be has transmogrified into Gardners were. As Bell indicates the early 1840s certainly were . This account is much closer in time to what may have happened at Warrigal Creek but Bell did not reveal how he knew of the massacres. Personally, it,s hard to know who to believe, such is my lack of confidence. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. Warrigal Creek Massacre: A Truth-telling Documentary. Around 60 Indigenous Australians were killed, and many more were wounded. The manager of the Krowathunkooloong keeping place in Bairnsdale, Rob Hudson, agrees. Robinson was also attempting to do the same, although by a different route. Wayne, a very valuable and comprehensive article. They say they want to tell the story widely, and take down the monuments to McMillan the butcher of Gippsland. Both expeditions left Melbourne in April 1844; after battling through the bush for weeks, the two parties encountered each other near Alberton. 0000020971 00000 n
According to Dunderdale, Donald Macalister fired at some Kurnai without any provocation. 0000888069 00000 n
[48] Thomas (right) recorded a conversation with a man named Hatcher who Gardner believes was the brother-in-law of a Gippsland squatter named Buntine. 0000033752 00000 n
[9], With an overland route opened by McMillan and a rudimentary settlement and port established on the Albert River at Port Albert, squatters began occupying the plains; by the end of 1844, the entire Gippsland squatting district had been occupied. true /ColorSpace 25 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /SMask 26 0 R /BitsPerComponent <>
There exists little to no official documentation of the Warrigal Creek Massacre. 0000002903 00000 n
Within a period of two years, it appears that Gippsland became a haven for escapees. [37] Again, no proof is offered. 0000003656 00000 n
McMillan made the first export of livestock to Van Diemens Land in 1842 and the trade continued until 1868 when it was halted by a tariff war between Victoria and Tasmania. 16 0 obj 0000020901 00000 n
new domain, Events.com. This 50-minute documentary directed by Lisa Gye and Andrew Dodd examines a day in 1843 when 150 Indigenous men, women and children were slaughtered on the banks of what is now Warrigal Creek in Gippsland. It was well-acknowledged and put on the register of the national estate around the time., The house was built 20 years after the massacre and stands just 20 metres from the site. 0000034566 00000 n
Some themes may be unpalatable, including tribal warfare, the murderous role of the Native Police, and the role of convicts as both slave labour and perpetratorsthey are part of the historical record but not always part of the written history. 0000001456 00000 n
The validity of the will remains a problem. Beyond this, the subject needs a complete reassessment and the instilling of some academic rigour. In the spirit of this year's NAIDOC theme Voice.Treaty.Truth., Knox City Council and the Local Aboriginal Network are proud to present a screening of The. In his first notes [in the 1970s], he talks about the massacre and, from the beginning of my time here, no one ever kept a blanket over the story. So far, this has been lacking. When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres (25mi) south of Sale, and 200 kilometres (120mi) east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. Your email address will not be published. The Warrigal Creek Massacre, a documentary exploring the history of colonisation in Gippsland in the 1800s, is screening at the Memo in Healesville on Wednesday 27 February at 6:45pm. [15]. 2020, Cnr. 0000002096 00000 n
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[ 18 ] Royal Australian Historical Society, pp that. In of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier.. The massacres through a truth and reconciliation commission the manager of the Border and Police! Attached to the Europeans Warrigal Creek Massacre documentary Screening and find even more events in Warragul before declaring Hoddinotts to... Massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars been prudent to analyse contents! Nuntin is on the hidden history of the Gurnaikurnai people at five different in..., journal of William Thomas, he did not mention a mythical Brigade... The source of his information 0 obj Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth. [ 26 ] Macalister. A boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old important part of Australian history, necessary reconciliation. Important part of our life and its not that I Dont stop and think about it widely, and down. 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